Bumble Bees of North America: an Identification Guide
With Paul Williams, Robbin Thorp and Sheila Colla, I authored Bumble Bees of North America: an Identification Guide, published by Princeton University Press in 2014.
In order to produce the book's maps maps, graphs of seasonal activity patterns and lists of host plants, we gathered digital records of bumble bee specimens from museums, academic collections, private collectors, and online specimen data repositories. We also received some larger, aggregate datasets from individuals who had collected bee data for other purposes. The database included nearly 275,000 records of bumble bee specimens collected around North America from 1805 to the present. I continue to add to the database in order to use it for additional research and conservation projects, and as of January 2022, have compiled more than 600,000 specimen and observation records for North American bumble bees. This effort has benefited from contributions by around 330 individuals and/or institutions around the world. Below is a list of individuals and institutions whom I gratefully acknowledge as direct contributors to this resource and to publications that are based on it. A full list of collections in which the specimens reside is available upon request.
Data contributors:
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
Adrian College
Al Harris
Algonquin Provincial Park
Amanda Barth, Utah State University
Amelie Gervais
American Museum of Natural History
Andre Francoeur research collection
Anna Beauchemin
Anne Averill Lab, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Appalachian State University
Archbold Biological Station
Arizona State University, Hasbrouck Insect Collection
Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre
Auburn University Museum of Natural History Entomology
Ball State University
Barcode of Life Database
Barry Hicks, College of the North Atlantic
Beaty/ Spencer Entomological Collection
Bernd Heinrich
Biodiversity Institute of Ontario
Bob Jacobson
Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
Brigham Young University
British Natural History Museum
Bryce Lewis-Smith, Occidental College
Bureau of Land Management
C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Ohio State University
C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity
California Academy of Sciences
California State Collection of Arthropods
Canadian Museum of Nature
Canadian National Collection
Caroline Scully personal collection
Carrie Lopez, Humboldt State University
Casey M. Delphia Personal Collection
Catherine E. Seibert Private Collection
Centre for Biodiversity Genomics
Chicago Academy of Sciences
Chris Loggers
Christine Urbanowicz research collection
Christophe Buidin/ Yann Rochepault research collection
Christy Bell
Claire Kremen
Cleveland Museum of Natural History
College of the North Atlantic, Carbonear
Colorado Plateau Museum of Arthropod Biodiversity
Colorado State University
Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
Cornell University Insect Collection
Cory Sheffield Research Collection
Cranberry Research Station, Wareham, MA
D.H. Miller private collection
Dan Fiscus, Frostburg University
Dartmouth College
Dave Fraser
Dave McCorquodale
Denver Botanic Gardens Collection of Arthropods
Depauw University
Doug Gill
Doug Golick, University of Nebraska
Doug Yanega, University of California, Riverside
Dwayne Sabine
E. Nardone
ECOSUR
Edwin S. George Reserve
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristobal de las Casas
Elaine Evans
Eleanor Barbour Cook Museum, Chadron State College, Nebraska
Elinor Lichtenberg, University of North Texas
Elm Fork Natural History Museum, University of North Texas
Environmental Solution and Innovations, Inc.
Erin White, Empire State Native Pollinator Survey
Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley
Ethan Temeles
Etienne Normandin
European Nucleotide Archive
Florida State University
Forest Preserve District of Cook County's wildlife field office
Fred Morrison private collection
Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State
Fundacion Universidad de las Americas, Puebla
Gary Antweiler
GenBank
Gerry I. Stage Research Collection
Glacier National Park Collections, West Glacier, MT
Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Gretchen LeBuhn
H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest
Harvard University
Heather Hines
Helen Loffland, Institute for Bird Populations
Helen Young Research Collection, Middlebury College
Hendrix--Iowa collections
https://bugguide.net/
https://www.bumblebeewatch.org/
Humboldt State University Insect Laboratory
iDigBio
Illinois Natural History Survey
iNaturalist
Indiana State University, Terre Haute
Indiana University
Insectarium Renee-Martineau, Canadian Forestery Service, Quebec City
Institute for Bird Populations
J. B. Wallis Museum of Entomology, University of Manitoba
J. Beckham Research Collection, University of North Texas
J. Moisan DeSerres
J. Postlethwaite
J. Thomson research collection
Jacob Cecala
James Cane
James Hung
Jamie Cromartie, Stockton College
Jamie Strange
Jeff Freeman personal collection
Jenny Heron
Jessica Rykken
Joan Milam Research Collection
Joanna Wilson
Joel Gardner, University of Minnesota
John Ascher, National University of Singapore
John Klymko
John Mola
Johnson State College
Jonathan Koch
Karen Wetherill research collection
Karen Wright, Texas A&M University
Katie Lamke
Kelly Price
Kenai National Wildlife Refuge
Kenneth S. Norris Center for Natural History, University of California Santa Cruz
Kevin M. O'Neill Private Collection (KMOC)
Kevin Matteson, Fordham University
Kristen Baum, Oklahoma State University
Kyle Texeira-Martins, McGill University
L.A. County Museum
Larry Clarfeld
L'Association Le Balbuzard
Laura Burkle Lab Collection, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
Laura Figueroa
Lauren Ponisio
Laval University
Lawrence Packer, York University
Leif Richardson Research Collection
Liz Day research collection
Logan Bee Lab, Logan Utah
Lund Museum of Zoology
Luther College Entomlogical Research Collection
Lyman Entomological Collection, McGill University
M.T. James Museum, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
Maine Bumble Bee Atlas
Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife
Maine State Museum
Margarita Lopez-Uribe Lab collection
Margie Wilkes
Mark Vandever
McGill University
Melissa Brooks, Humboldt State University
Michael Killewald
Michael Veit, Lawrence Academy
Michael Warriner
Michel Savard research collection
Michelle Duennes
Michigan State University
Middlebury College
Mike Arduser
Mike Ivie
Mike Riter
Ministere des ressources naturelles et de la faune Quebec
Minnesota Biodiversity Atlas
Mississippi Entomological Museum and MS Museum of Natural Science Collections
Missoula Butterfly House and Insectarium
Missouri Botanical Garden
Molly Notestine
Monica Russo
Montana State University, Bozeman
Museo de Historia Natural
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Museum of Northern Arizona
Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Arthropods
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC
Natural History Museum of Rotterdam, Netherlands
Natural History Museum of Utah
Natural History Museum, London
Neal Williams, University of California, Davis
Nebraska Bumbleboosters
New Brunswick Museum
New Mexico State University
New York Botanic Garden
New York State Museum
Nick Leone
North Carolina State University Entomology Museum
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Norwich University
Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources
Nova Scotia Museum
Occidental College Entomology
Ohio State University
Oklahoma State University
Oregon Bee Atlas
Oregon State University Arthropod Museum
Pat Hinds
Paul Growald
Paul H. Williams, Natural History Museum
Penn State University
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture
Peter Hallett personal collection
Pierre Rasmont
Pierre-Marc Brousseau, Montreal Insectarium
Pinnacles National Monument
Quinn McFrederick, University of California, Riverside
R.M. Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis
Rachael Winfree, Rutgers University
Rachael Winfree, Rutgers University
Rebecca Irwin, North Carolina State University
Remy Vandame
Rich Hatfield, The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation
Rob Gegear
Rob Jean
Robbin Thorp, University of California, Davis
Robert Minckley Collections
Robert S. Jacobson personal collection
Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory
Rosemary Malfi
Ross Bell personal collection
Royal Alberta Museum
Royal British Columbia Museum
Royal Ontario Museum
Royal Saskatchewan Museum
Rutgers University Entomological Museum
S. Hollis Woodard Lab research collections, University of California, Riverside
S. Javorek research collection
Sam Droege
San Diego Natural History Museum Entomology Department
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Entomology Collection
Sean Griffin
Selkirk College
Shalene Jha
Sheena Sidhu
Sheila Colla, York University
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
South Dakota State University
South Western Oklahoma State University
Southern Environmental Law Center
Spencer Hardy
Steve Robles, Virginia Natural Heritage
Stockton College, Pomona New Jersey
Stone Environmental, Inc.
Susan Carpenter
Susan Nyoka, Humboldt State University
Syd Cannings
Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN)
Szendrei Collection
Taylor Ricketts, University of Vermont
Terry Griswold, Logan Bee Lab
Texas A&M University
Texas Bumblebees
Texas Memorial Museum Austin
Texas Tech University - Invertebrate Zoology
The Albert J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection
The Field Museum of Natural History
The Purdue Entomological Research Collection
The Stuart M. Fullerton Collection of Arthropods at the University of Central Florida, Orlando
The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation; Bumble Bee Watch
Thomas Wood
Towson University
Tracey Zarillo
UNIBIO, IBUNAM, Mexico
University of Alaska Fairbanks
University of Alaska Museum
University of Alberta Museums
University of Arizona, Insect Collection
University of Arkansas
University of Bern
University of Calgary
University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection
University of California, Davis
University of California, Riverside Entomology Museum
University of California, San Diego
University of Central Florida Collection of Arthopods
University of Central Oklahoma
University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder
University of Colorado, Boulder, Museum of Natural History
University of Connecticut, Storrs
University of Delaware Insect Collection
University of Georgia
University of Guelph
University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics
University of Helsinki
University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute
University of Kansas Snow Entomological Collections
University of Kentucky Insect Collection
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
University of Michigan
University of Minnesota Duluth Insect Collection
University of Mississippi
University of Nevada Reno
University of New Hamphsire, Durham
University of Northern Iowa - Wen Research Collection
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma, Sam Noble Museum Department of Recent Invertebrates
University of Prince Edward Island Museum
University of Tartu Natural History Museum, Estonia
University of Texas Insect Collection
University of Texas, El Paso, Biodiversity Collections Entomology Collection
University of Toronto
University of Vermont, Zadock Thompson Invertebrates Collection
University of Wisconsin, Madison
University of Wyoming
University of Wyoming Dillon Lab Insect Collection
US Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Maryland
Utah State University, Logan Bee Lab
Valerie Fournier Lab, Universite Laval
Valles Caldera National Preserve
Vermont Center for Ecostudies
Vermont Department of Forests, Parks, and Recreation
Victoria Macphail
Virginia Museum of Natural History
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Insect Collection
Virginia Scott, University of Colorado, Boulder, Museum of Natural History
Washington State University
West Virginia Wesleyan College
Wildlife Preservation Canada
William F. Barr Entomological Collection, University of Idaho
Wisconsin Insect Research Collection
Wisconsin Natural Heritage Inventory
www.beespotter.org
Yale University, Peabody Museum
York University
Zuzu Gadallah
In order to produce the book's maps maps, graphs of seasonal activity patterns and lists of host plants, we gathered digital records of bumble bee specimens from museums, academic collections, private collectors, and online specimen data repositories. We also received some larger, aggregate datasets from individuals who had collected bee data for other purposes. The database included nearly 275,000 records of bumble bee specimens collected around North America from 1805 to the present. I continue to add to the database in order to use it for additional research and conservation projects, and as of January 2022, have compiled more than 600,000 specimen and observation records for North American bumble bees. This effort has benefited from contributions by around 330 individuals and/or institutions around the world. Below is a list of individuals and institutions whom I gratefully acknowledge as direct contributors to this resource and to publications that are based on it. A full list of collections in which the specimens reside is available upon request.
Data contributors:
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
Adrian College
Al Harris
Algonquin Provincial Park
Amanda Barth, Utah State University
Amelie Gervais
American Museum of Natural History
Andre Francoeur research collection
Anna Beauchemin
Anne Averill Lab, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Appalachian State University
Archbold Biological Station
Arizona State University, Hasbrouck Insect Collection
Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre
Auburn University Museum of Natural History Entomology
Ball State University
Barcode of Life Database
Barry Hicks, College of the North Atlantic
Beaty/ Spencer Entomological Collection
Bernd Heinrich
Biodiversity Institute of Ontario
Bob Jacobson
Borror Laboratory of Bioacoustics
Brigham Young University
British Natural History Museum
Bryce Lewis-Smith, Occidental College
Bureau of Land Management
C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Ohio State University
C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity
California Academy of Sciences
California State Collection of Arthropods
Canadian Museum of Nature
Canadian National Collection
Caroline Scully personal collection
Carrie Lopez, Humboldt State University
Casey M. Delphia Personal Collection
Catherine E. Seibert Private Collection
Centre for Biodiversity Genomics
Chicago Academy of Sciences
Chris Loggers
Christine Urbanowicz research collection
Christophe Buidin/ Yann Rochepault research collection
Christy Bell
Claire Kremen
Cleveland Museum of Natural History
College of the North Atlantic, Carbonear
Colorado Plateau Museum of Arthropod Biodiversity
Colorado State University
Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Mexico
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
Cornell University Insect Collection
Cory Sheffield Research Collection
Cranberry Research Station, Wareham, MA
D.H. Miller private collection
Dan Fiscus, Frostburg University
Dartmouth College
Dave Fraser
Dave McCorquodale
Denver Botanic Gardens Collection of Arthropods
Depauw University
Doug Gill
Doug Golick, University of Nebraska
Doug Yanega, University of California, Riverside
Dwayne Sabine
E. Nardone
ECOSUR
Edwin S. George Reserve
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristobal de las Casas
Elaine Evans
Eleanor Barbour Cook Museum, Chadron State College, Nebraska
Elinor Lichtenberg, University of North Texas
Elm Fork Natural History Museum, University of North Texas
Environmental Solution and Innovations, Inc.
Erin White, Empire State Native Pollinator Survey
Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley
Ethan Temeles
Etienne Normandin
European Nucleotide Archive
Florida State University
Forest Preserve District of Cook County's wildlife field office
Fred Morrison private collection
Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State
Fundacion Universidad de las Americas, Puebla
Gary Antweiler
GenBank
Gerry I. Stage Research Collection
Glacier National Park Collections, West Glacier, MT
Global Biodiversity Information Facility
Gretchen LeBuhn
H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest
Harvard University
Heather Hines
Helen Loffland, Institute for Bird Populations
Helen Young Research Collection, Middlebury College
Hendrix--Iowa collections
https://bugguide.net/
https://www.bumblebeewatch.org/
Humboldt State University Insect Laboratory
iDigBio
Illinois Natural History Survey
iNaturalist
Indiana State University, Terre Haute
Indiana University
Insectarium Renee-Martineau, Canadian Forestery Service, Quebec City
Institute for Bird Populations
J. B. Wallis Museum of Entomology, University of Manitoba
J. Beckham Research Collection, University of North Texas
J. Moisan DeSerres
J. Postlethwaite
J. Thomson research collection
Jacob Cecala
James Cane
James Hung
Jamie Cromartie, Stockton College
Jamie Strange
Jeff Freeman personal collection
Jenny Heron
Jessica Rykken
Joan Milam Research Collection
Joanna Wilson
Joel Gardner, University of Minnesota
John Ascher, National University of Singapore
John Klymko
John Mola
Johnson State College
Jonathan Koch
Karen Wetherill research collection
Karen Wright, Texas A&M University
Katie Lamke
Kelly Price
Kenai National Wildlife Refuge
Kenneth S. Norris Center for Natural History, University of California Santa Cruz
Kevin M. O'Neill Private Collection (KMOC)
Kevin Matteson, Fordham University
Kristen Baum, Oklahoma State University
Kyle Texeira-Martins, McGill University
L.A. County Museum
Larry Clarfeld
L'Association Le Balbuzard
Laura Burkle Lab Collection, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
Laura Figueroa
Lauren Ponisio
Laval University
Lawrence Packer, York University
Leif Richardson Research Collection
Liz Day research collection
Logan Bee Lab, Logan Utah
Lund Museum of Zoology
Luther College Entomlogical Research Collection
Lyman Entomological Collection, McGill University
M.T. James Museum, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
Maine Bumble Bee Atlas
Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife
Maine State Museum
Margarita Lopez-Uribe Lab collection
Margie Wilkes
Mark Vandever
McGill University
Melissa Brooks, Humboldt State University
Michael Killewald
Michael Veit, Lawrence Academy
Michael Warriner
Michel Savard research collection
Michelle Duennes
Michigan State University
Middlebury College
Mike Arduser
Mike Ivie
Mike Riter
Ministere des ressources naturelles et de la faune Quebec
Minnesota Biodiversity Atlas
Mississippi Entomological Museum and MS Museum of Natural Science Collections
Missoula Butterfly House and Insectarium
Missouri Botanical Garden
Molly Notestine
Monica Russo
Montana State University, Bozeman
Museo de Historia Natural
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Museum of Northern Arizona
Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Arthropods
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC
Natural History Museum of Rotterdam, Netherlands
Natural History Museum of Utah
Natural History Museum, London
Neal Williams, University of California, Davis
Nebraska Bumbleboosters
New Brunswick Museum
New Mexico State University
New York Botanic Garden
New York State Museum
Nick Leone
North Carolina State University Entomology Museum
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Norwich University
Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources
Nova Scotia Museum
Occidental College Entomology
Ohio State University
Oklahoma State University
Oregon Bee Atlas
Oregon State University Arthropod Museum
Pat Hinds
Paul Growald
Paul H. Williams, Natural History Museum
Penn State University
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture
Peter Hallett personal collection
Pierre Rasmont
Pierre-Marc Brousseau, Montreal Insectarium
Pinnacles National Monument
Quinn McFrederick, University of California, Riverside
R.M. Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis
Rachael Winfree, Rutgers University
Rachael Winfree, Rutgers University
Rebecca Irwin, North Carolina State University
Remy Vandame
Rich Hatfield, The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation
Rob Gegear
Rob Jean
Robbin Thorp, University of California, Davis
Robert Minckley Collections
Robert S. Jacobson personal collection
Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory
Rosemary Malfi
Ross Bell personal collection
Royal Alberta Museum
Royal British Columbia Museum
Royal Ontario Museum
Royal Saskatchewan Museum
Rutgers University Entomological Museum
S. Hollis Woodard Lab research collections, University of California, Riverside
S. Javorek research collection
Sam Droege
San Diego Natural History Museum Entomology Department
Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Entomology Collection
Sean Griffin
Selkirk College
Shalene Jha
Sheena Sidhu
Sheila Colla, York University
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
South Dakota State University
South Western Oklahoma State University
Southern Environmental Law Center
Spencer Hardy
Steve Robles, Virginia Natural Heritage
Stockton College, Pomona New Jersey
Stone Environmental, Inc.
Susan Carpenter
Susan Nyoka, Humboldt State University
Syd Cannings
Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN)
Szendrei Collection
Taylor Ricketts, University of Vermont
Terry Griswold, Logan Bee Lab
Texas A&M University
Texas Bumblebees
Texas Memorial Museum Austin
Texas Tech University - Invertebrate Zoology
The Albert J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection
The Field Museum of Natural History
The Purdue Entomological Research Collection
The Stuart M. Fullerton Collection of Arthropods at the University of Central Florida, Orlando
The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation; Bumble Bee Watch
Thomas Wood
Towson University
Tracey Zarillo
UNIBIO, IBUNAM, Mexico
University of Alaska Fairbanks
University of Alaska Museum
University of Alberta Museums
University of Arizona, Insect Collection
University of Arkansas
University of Bern
University of Calgary
University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection
University of California, Davis
University of California, Riverside Entomology Museum
University of California, San Diego
University of Central Florida Collection of Arthopods
University of Central Oklahoma
University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder
University of Colorado, Boulder, Museum of Natural History
University of Connecticut, Storrs
University of Delaware Insect Collection
University of Georgia
University of Guelph
University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics
University of Helsinki
University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute
University of Kansas Snow Entomological Collections
University of Kentucky Insect Collection
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
University of Michigan
University of Minnesota Duluth Insect Collection
University of Mississippi
University of Nevada Reno
University of New Hamphsire, Durham
University of Northern Iowa - Wen Research Collection
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma, Sam Noble Museum Department of Recent Invertebrates
University of Prince Edward Island Museum
University of Tartu Natural History Museum, Estonia
University of Texas Insect Collection
University of Texas, El Paso, Biodiversity Collections Entomology Collection
University of Toronto
University of Vermont, Zadock Thompson Invertebrates Collection
University of Wisconsin, Madison
University of Wyoming
University of Wyoming Dillon Lab Insect Collection
US Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Maryland
Utah State University, Logan Bee Lab
Valerie Fournier Lab, Universite Laval
Valles Caldera National Preserve
Vermont Center for Ecostudies
Vermont Department of Forests, Parks, and Recreation
Victoria Macphail
Virginia Museum of Natural History
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Insect Collection
Virginia Scott, University of Colorado, Boulder, Museum of Natural History
Washington State University
West Virginia Wesleyan College
Wildlife Preservation Canada
William F. Barr Entomological Collection, University of Idaho
Wisconsin Insect Research Collection
Wisconsin Natural Heritage Inventory
www.beespotter.org
Yale University, Peabody Museum
York University
Zuzu Gadallah
